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The number follows all marks of punctuation except the dash. The number is usually placed at the end of a sentence or clause, or at some other natural break in the sentence when the material is not a quotation. What is an endnote callout manual#Consequently, Chicago's method is incapable of distinguishing between a footnote that refers to the final portion of a sentence and a footnote that applies to the entire sentence.]]įrom Webster's Standard American Style Manual (1985):įootnotes and endnotes to a text are indicated by unpunctuated Arabic superior numbers (or reference symbols, discussed later in this section) placed immediately after the quotation or information with no intervening space. That being the case, Oxford would have advised putting the superscript 2 inside the end punctuation but Chicago's less precise rule requires putting that number outside any end punctuation. In this instance, Chicago clearly means for its footnote 2 to apply only to the word "DOI" in the sentence where the callout for footnote 2 appears. ![]() 2įor more information about URLs, consult the website of.įor more information about DOIs, consult the websites of. When citing electronic sources consulted online, Chicago recommends-as the final element in a citation that include all the components described throughout this chapter and in chapter 15-the addition of a URL 1 or DOI. [[The logical superiority of the Oxford system to the Chicago system should be evident from this incidental use of footnotes in Chicago:ġ4.4 Electronic resource identifiers. Men and their unions, as they entered industrial work, negotiated two things: young women would be laid off once they married (the commonly acknowledged "marriage bar" 1), and men would be paid a "family wage." ![]() (In an earlier book he had said quite the opposite.) 2 Though a note number normally follows a closing parenthesis, it may on rare occasions be more appropriate to place the number inside the closing parenthesis-if, for example, the note applies to a specific term within the parentheses. What is an endnote callout series#The bias was apparent in the Shotwell series 3-and it must be remembered that Shotwell was a student of Robinson's. "This," wrote George Templeton Strong, "is what our tailors can do." 1 Relative to other punctuation, the number follows any punctuation except for the dash, which it precedes. The number normally follows a quotation (whether it is run in to the text or set as an extract). A note number should generally be placed at the end of a sentence or at the end of a clause. 17) Even so, specialists in England 18 and Wales 19 reached different conclusions during subsequent tests.įrom The Chicago Manual of Style, sixteenth edition (2010):ġ4.21 Placement of note number. Normally cues fall at the end of a sentence unless referring only to part of the sentence: a cue at the end of a sentence represents the whole of a sentence:Ĭauses for infection were initially thought to be isolated. Place in-text cues outside punctuation, but inside the closing parenthesis when referring solely to matter within the parentheses. The most common is by superscript figures or letters. Note references can be cued in several ways. Here is a quick rundown of the relevant passages from one British and five U.S. What is an endnote callout how to#I thought readers might like to see how different style guides address the general question of how to position footnote callouts (termed "cues" in The Oxford Guide to Style, "note numbers" in The Chicago Manual of Style, and "references" in Words into Type). ![]() ![]() The classical plural of diesis is dieses. That is, the ‡ character at codepoint U+2021 DOUBLE DAGGER, also known as theĭiesis or double obelisk. That is, the † character at codepoint U+2020 DAGGER, also known as the obelisk, obelus, or long cross. Bringhurst goes on to say “But beyond the asterisk, dagger 3, and double dagger 4, this order is not familiar to most readers, and never was.” OED: “A word inserted between the lines or in the margin as an explanatory equivalent of a foreign or otherwise difficult word in the text hence applied to a simliar explanatory rendering of a word given in a glossary or dictionary.”Īs enumerated on pp 68–69 of Robert Bringhurst’s The Elements of Typographic Style (version 3.2) Hartley and Marks, 2008. When using superscripts to indicate a footnote, do these fall inside or outside adjacent punctuation? If there is an answer, is that answer applicable worldwide, or just to specific regions or publishers?ĭoes it matter what the particular punctuation is, including such punctuation as commas, colons, parentheses and other brackets, periods, and quotation marks?ĭoes it matter whether the footnote applies to just one gloss 1, or to an entire phrase in toto?ĭoes the answer change if, instead of using instead of numeric footnotes, you use the traditional sequence of symbols (*, †, ‡, §, ‖, and ¶) 2 ? ![]()
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